History of Canopy Beds

A  popular email hoax  has spread all sorts of misinformation about the Middle Ages and The Bad Old Days. Here we look at the use of canopy beds. From the Hoax There was nothing to stop things from falling into the house. This posed a real problem in the bedroom where bugs and other droppings could really mess up your nice clean bed. Hence, a bed with big posts and a sheet hung over the top afforded some protection. Thats how canopy beds came into existence. The Facts In most castles and manor houses and in some town dwellings, materials such as wood, clay tiles, and stone were used for roofing. All served even better than thatch to stop things from falling into the house. Poor peasant folk, who were the most likely to suffer the annoyances brought about by an ill-kept thatch roof, commonly slept on straw pallets on the floor or in a loft.1 They did not have canopy beds to keep out falling dead wasps and rat droppings. Wealthier people didnt need canopies to keep out things that dropped from the roof, yet wealthy people such as noble lords and ladies or prosperous burghers did have beds with canopies and curtains. Why? Because the canopy beds used in medieval England and Europe have their origins in an entirely different domestic situation. In the earliest days of the European castle, the lord and his family slept in the great hall, along with all their servants. The noble familys sleeping area was usually at one end of the hall and was separated from the rest by simple curtains.2 In time, castle builders constructed separate chambers for the nobility, but though lords and ladies had their bed(s) to themselves, attendants might share the room for convenience and security. For the sake of warmth as well as privacy, the lords bed was curtained, and his attendants slept on simple pallets on the floor, on trundle beds, or on benches. A knight or ladys bed was large and wood-framed, and its springs were interlaced ropes or leather strips upon which a feather mattress would rest. It had sheets, fur coverlets, quilts, and pillows, and it could be fairly easily dismantled and transported to other castles when the lord made a tour of his holdings.​3 Originally, curtains were hung from the ceiling, but as the bed evolved, a frame was added to support a canopy, or tester, from which the curtains hung.4 Similar beds were welcome additions to townhomes, which werent necessarily warmer than castles. And, as in matters of manners and dress, prosperous town-folk emulated the nobility in the style of furnishings used in their homes. Sources 1. Gies, Frances Gies, Joseph, Life in a Medieval Village (HarperPerennial, 1991), p. 93. 2. Gies, Frances Gies, Joseph, Life in a Medieval Castle (HarperPerennial, 1974), p. 67. 3. Ibid, p. 68. 4. bed  Encyclopà ¦dia Britannica [Accessed April 16, 2002; verified June 26, 2015].

Importance Of Organizational Culture At Maheen Waqas

†¢ Importance of organizational culture: By: Maheen Waqas So far we have discussed the meaning, characteristics, types, liabilities and sustaining the organizational culture with in the company’s structure. The most crucial part is the importance .i.e. why do we need to develop such cultures and how far it affects the company and industries in reality? We will discuss the importance of organizational culture by jotting down various points. We have come to know that various companies adopt different cultures, since each industry has its own culture so the affects also vary widely. We see that employees spend 40 working hours on their jobs in a week so it has great impact on their life both personal and working. The†¦show more content†¦It helps the employees acquire and adopt by practicing different moral principles, way of dealing with colleagues, way of dressing up, motivational forces, values and principles. Following are the values and c haracteristics discussed in detail. 1. Unity: The employees of different demographics remain united when they share a similar organizational culture. We see that when working at a place all the employees belong to different background, come from different families, possess different traditions and have various beliefs and cultures. When sharing an organizational culture at the work place, it gives the employees a feeling and sense of unity. They understand each other in a better way, it promotes better communication and fewer conflicts arise. Thus the people remain united besides different backgrounds and different cultural beliefs and values. Employees no more get neglected and everyone is treated equally and fairly. 2. Loyalty: The organizational culture helps to keep their workers motivated and engaged in different working tasks. This keeps the employees loyal and sincere to their companies. When the workers consider themselves an important part of the company and consider their work crucial then they feel loyal and sincere towards their company and they feel urged to contribute their role in the company’s success. The sense of accomplishment further motivates them to play a role in organization success. 3. Competition: One of the most important

Concept Triple Bottom Line-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthlep.com

Questions: 1.Analyse an origin Australias current position and design a sustainability strategy based on a business case for the Identification and Implementation of sustainability imperatives that an Organisation should undertake for Competitive advantage. 2.Define and explain the Principles of Sustainability in a global Business Environment and Discuss Issues of future sustainability in the Corporate Environment 3.Identify and Compare Market and regulatory issues relevant to sustainability at the global and local level including voluntary reporting such as the triple bottom line. 4.Critically evaluate the increased requirements for mandatory reporting, and the benefits of voluntary reporting, as well as the guidelines available and the risks associated with external reporting. Answers: 1.Introduction According to the traditional business model adopted by companies the focus was mostly on the growth and development of the company regardless of the consequences the strategies may have on the society and the environment. With globalization and the changed dynamics of the business environment all over the world corporate look in to the business model of the company from a different perspective. The recognition of the responsibility the corporate have towards the society or the environment has changed the way the business operated in the past. The growth and development strategies of the corporate houses are now based on the requirements of the current situation without hampering the capability of the future to meet their requirement at that point of time. Sustainability has three pillars: environmental economic and social (Milne Gray, 2013). Origin The company is regarded as the leading power supplier of Australia, New Zealand and the Pacific. The company is popular among the B2B as well as B2C clientele based on the efficiency and services. Origin has a rich heritage in the energy industry owing to the time the company has been serving in the industry, the company engages in energy exploration, retailing, production and power generation. Operating in a heavy industry enables the company to grown in the process of changing dynamics of the industry without hindrance (Home page, 2017). Company background The company can be deemed as a contemporary organisation as it was formed in the new millennium. Headquartered in Sydney as well as in New South Wales the company boasts a heritage of goodwill and good reputation among the stakeholder of the company as well as in the industry. Origin is the largest energy retailer in Australia and serves approximately 4.217 million customers; the consumers of the company are starting from domestic usage to small business units to large energy consumption units. The company also leads in the sector of supplying low carbon based products in Australia. Origin also has around 160,000 shareholders (Home page, 2017). Mission and vision The mission and vision of the company is to change and re-shape the entire energy supply chain. Objective The objectives of the company are: To keep up with the dynamic demand of the energy industry To build a sustainable future To encourage innovation in order to deal with the changes To deal with the changes in the climate and environment with innovation and strategy (Savitz, 2013). Current position Since inception of the company, it has been focused on changing the ways in which the energy supply chain works, the current position of the company is that it is leading in the energy supply industry in Australia. The company focuses on two businesses and develops strategies based on these: emery market leadership, natural gas and LNG production (Home page, 2017). In order to develop the business and grow in the industry of operation the company is currently concentrating on three priorities: Improving returns and growing renewable, Improving competitiveness and delivering growth in natural gas as well as LNG and management and funding of the capital (Savitz, 2013) Concept Triple bottom line The concept of triple bottom line was developed by John Elkington in 1994; according to Elkington companies should not have a single point of focus while strategizing for the growth and development of the company. He said that companies should keep their resource concentrated on three aspects rather than one (Glac, 2015). These three aspects are described as 3Ps: Planet, people and price. He says that for an organization environment and society are equally important. As the operations of the organisation are influenced and revolves around these aspects. The idea of triple bottom line contemporary and sets a juxtaposing idea with the traditional business model that companies used to follow previously. The traditional concept just concentrated on the development of the business from an economic perspective as mentioned above, environment and societal responsibilities were recognized as a burden on the company speculated as liability as the company had to invest in these aspects which e roded the profit. The goal and objectives of the corporate units focused around the economic and financial growth of the business (Glac, 2015). For example: organizations that operated in the energy sector did not concentrate innovation and research on developing alternatives as the non-renewable resources are limited. The process of sustainability begins with the thought of the future generation and previously that was absent. Corporate houses always tend to calculate the process of investment on the return that would offer to the growth and development of the company. Sustainable project are mostly based on intensive research investment as well as the installation process also requires capital hence the companies are apprehensive of the investment as it does not assure positive return on investment (Milne Gray, 2013). This concept urges corporate houses to take responsibility of the resources they have received from the society and the environment to grow and develop their busine ss. When one enjoys liberty and freedom of operation it is also the duty of the company to comply with the duties and responsibilities that come with the freedom (Henriques Richardson, 2013). Companies are supposed to understand the positive or negative impact they pose to the society and the environment and strategize accordingly to combat in case of any negative impact. For example: Energy industry has a large impact on the environment as a lot of drilling and mining causes a number of environmental issues which should be recognized by the companies in this industry and should work towards combating these problems. 2.Corporate Sustainability The concept of corporate sustainability is supported with four pillars, corporate social responsibility (CSR), stakeholder theory accountability and sustainable development. This is a contemporary concept in the management system. It is an alternative to the traditional profit making objective of the corporate. This concept recognizes that fact that it is significant for a company to initiate corporate growth in order to channelize the profit in resources for the future of the company. At the same time it also recognizes the responsibility the companies have towards the development in a sustainable manner (Benn, Dunphy Griffiths, 2014). Sustainable business is referred the development and creation of conservation and preservation approach of the environment, development of societal equity, promotion of the well-being of the people associated with the organization and support fair trade practice. Corporate sustainability ensures a process of strategic planning and coordination of the business operation with the social and environmental requirements in order to act responsibly and ethically (Ferrell, Hirt Ferrell, 2016). Innovation is as a significant approach towards the development of a sustainable business model. Innovation in terms of technology, policies, and decisions can help the company ensure that the principles of sustainability are met as per the guidelines that are stated below. Organisation must follow an adaptive path of operation in order to embrace and incorporate any new idea and innovation (Halpern et al. 2013). Principles of sustainability in a global business environment Business environment can be internal and external where the company has control over the internal environment; the dynamic of the external business environment is not under the control of a company. United Nations has ten principles of corporate sustainability; it states that sustainability is the direct impact of the values and principles that are followed by an organisation. There are four areas stated by the UN which has to be considered by a company in order to follow sustainable development: anti-corruption, human rights, labor and environment. By including the Principles stated by the UN Global Compact into the strategies, policies and procedures of the business the company will be establishing a culture of integrity. Corporate houses will not only uphold their basic responsibilities to the people and environment, but also prepare the organisation for future prospects (The Ten Principles of the UN Global Compact, 2017). The ten principles are: Corporate houses should uphold and respect internationally proclaimed human rights and incorporate the same in the business operation Abuse of human rights should be considered as a serious offence and should be dealt with severity The freedom of association and the effective acknowledgment of the right to collective bargaining should be implemented by the companies The companies should not indulge in any kind of forced or compulsory labor The company should encourage and work towards abolition of child labor There should be no biased form of employment and occupation development in the organisation Precaution should be maintained by business organizations which deal with the environment depletion The companies should support and promote environmental responsibility Investment and research should be encouraged by organizations regarding sustainable innovation and development Extortion and bribery are major forms of corruption which is ethically as well as financially harmful for any organisation and it should be avoided at every point of operation (The Ten Principles of the UN Global Compact, 2017) Sustainability strategy of Origin The company issues the sustainability report on an annual basis on the official website. Origin focuses on several aspects when it comes to sustainability like: health safety and environment, people and culture, land access and coexistence, communities, customers, water, waste, process safety, policy, communities and supply chain. The company is firstly shutting down the only coal-firing power station as a step towards curbing the carbon emission. This station is said to be shut down by the early period of 2030. The company is focused on changing the way the energy sector perceives the carbon emission issue. Carbon emission is regarded as one of the severe concerns of global climate change. The company engages in materiality analysis in order to understand the impact of strategies. Some of the aspects that are considered while assessing are: the level of risk, the level of stakeholder involvement and topicality of the factors (Origin Sustainability Report 2017, 2017). Issues of future sustainability According to the World Council for Economic Development (WCED), sustainable development is the procedure incorporated by the organizations which ensures that the company will collect the requirements and resources based on the current position of business without negotiating the requirements of future generation. Some of the issues in future sustainability are: The position of the economy on a global scale is fragile and coupled with the changing dynamics can pose a threat to the idea of sustainable development in developed countries as well Allocating jobs to the labor force that is available is a real challenge and an issue with the concept of sustainable development Policies of the government all over the world can also be an issue with imposing the strategies that are ideated by the organisation Lack of knowledge of the emerging threats regarding the environment or the society may pose a threat towards the future of the sustainable development model. The unanticipated accelerated growth and impact of the issues that were persisting in the past can pose a threat and can be a major issue in the steps taken by an organisation towards sustainable development (Miller et al., 2014). 3.Identification and comparison of market and regulatory issues regarding sustainability Depending on the scale of operation of the business the sustainability measures are taken by an organisation. If the organisation is operating on a global platform the scale of policies and decisions regarding sustainability will also increase. Hence, finance is the main issue when sustainability is concerned (Herbohn, Walker Loo, 2014). Another major issue apart from finance is the scarcity of other resources in the organisation. Based on the industry of operation and on the nature of the business the resources can be allocated. Shift of focus from environment and climate has been identified in recent observation, economic and financial crisis gaining precedence (Idowu, Zu Gupta, 2013). Organizations on a large scale are yet to consider natural calamities and naturally occurring environmental depletion as major issues and they have to be dealt with similar intensity as with man-made issues. Constantly growing population as well as increased amount of consumption can also be considered as an issue of a global scale in sustainable development (Lozano, 2015). Regulatory issues relevant to sustainability at the global and local level Ethics and principles followed by an organisation is more than just doing what is right and avoiding what is wrong. Many times the concept of right and wrong become subjective and this is where a guideline, principle or a regulatory authority becomes significant. Based on the home country or the country of operation law and principles are set by the government for organizations to follow in terms of adopting sustainability and ethical growth (Herbohn, Walker Loo, 2014). Globally and Locally United Nations monitor all the countries that are a part of the UN in terms of following the principles laid down by the organization. The issues with these principles are that they are not specific and are also not based on the industry, scale or nature of the business. These regulations are general guideline of ethics (Lozano, 2015). Every company must have a code of ethics of their own based on the values and principle of the organisation and the need and requirement of the society and the environment the organisation caters to. Environmental law on a global platform should be implemented by every country to keep a check on the environmental depletion caused by corporate organizations. In most of the country there are laws but there is an issue with the enforcement and that needs to be checked by the government (Godha Jain, 2015). 3.Critically evaluate the increased requirements for mandatory reporting To analyze the impact of a company on the environment and the society, sustainability reporting has been regarded as one of the best ways. It shows the position of the company with respect to the competitors in the market in terms of sustainability. By adopting this process the company can be more transparent in their operation as well as gain confidence form the stakeholder. But the question here is should this process be made mandatory by laws and regulations. As CSR is a process that is based on the values and principles of the company it is important to have clarity in the process of implementation by the company the legal aspect will make the process unnecessary complicated. On the other hand, there are institutions that need an external force to recognize the responsibility. A check is required for such companies, though in todays business environment every organisation small or big realizes the importance of sustainability which makes voluntary reporting mandatory (Ioannou Se rafseim, 2017). GRI or global reporting initiative is an independent body that operated globally to provide helps governments and businesses organizations. The enterprise helps organizations to understand and communicate the influence of business on sustainability issues based on the environment and society. GRI is regarded as one of the pioneer institutions to encourage and support the concept to sustainability reporting. There are also other independent bodies which help the corporate sector to develop sustainably (Godha Jain, 2015). Benefits of voluntary reporting Creating a reliable position: The goodwill and the reputation of the company can be built with the help of voluntarily by supplying the reports as it shows the transparency of the company among the relevant stakeholders. Increases transparency: As the report that has been published by the company is voluntary the chances of fabricating any information in the process is low. This increases the accountability of the company in the perspective of the stakeholders as well. Value added to the vision and strategies: the voluntary report will further add value to th mission and vision of the company which is based on the principles on which the company operates. Support and assurance form the stakeholders: the companies stakeholders are assured of the intention of the company when the organisation published a document or a report without any pressure or compulsion from an external bod Conclusion Some of the industries that have regularly received criticism globally because of the impact they have on the environment and the society are the oil and gas industry, energy industry, mining industry etc. With the changing dynamics of the business environment the corporate sector have adapted to the concept of sustainability to a great extent. Origin is a company that is contemporary in its approach towards sustainability. The company approaches several aspects in the sustainable development process and issues a voluntary repot on an annual basis which is easily available on their official website. In this report the company clearly states the objectives of the approach. It analyses each and every aspect in an descriptive manner so that it is easily understandable by the reader. Origin has the mission of changing the perspective of the energy sector by pioneering in some of the measures. Reference list Benn, S., Dunphy, D., Griffiths, A. (2014).Organizational change for corporate sustainability. Routledge. Ferrell,O.C. Hirt G.A., Ferrell. L. (2016).Business: achangingworld(10th ed.) New York: McGraw-Hill Irwin. Glac, K. (2015). Triple Bottom Line.Wiley Encyclopedia of Management. Godha, A., Jain, P. (2015). Sustainability reporting trend in indian companies as per GRI framework: a comparative study.South Asian Journal of Business and Management Cases,4(1), 62-73. Halpern, B. S., Klein, C. J., Brown, C. J., Beger, M., Grantham, H. S., Mangubhai, S., ...Possingham, H. P. (2013). Achieving the triple bottom line in the face of inherent trade-offs among social equity, economic return, and conservation.Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,110(15), 6229-6234. Henriques, A., Richardson, J. (Eds.). (2013).The triple bottom line: Does it all add up. Routledge. Herbohn, K., Walker, J., Loo, H. Y. M. (2014). Corporate social responsibility: the link between sustainability disclosure and sustainability performance.Abacus,50(4), 422-459. Home page. (2017).originenergy.com.au. Retrieved 30 November 2017, from https://www.originenergy.com.au/about.html Idowu, S. O., Zu, L., Gupta, A. D. (2013).Encyclopedia of corporate social responsibility(Vol. 21). N. Capaldi (Ed.). New York: Springer. Ioannou, I., Serafeim, G. (2017). The consequences of mandatory corporate sustainability reporting. Lozano, R. (2015). A holistic perspective on corporate sustainability drivers.Corporate Social Responsibility and Environmental Management,22(1), 32-44. Miller, T. R., Wiek, A., Sarewitz, D., Robinson, J., Olsson, L., Kriebel, D., Loorbach, D. (2014). The future of sustainability science: a solutions-oriented research agenda.Sustainability science,9(2), 239-246. Milne, M. J., Gray, R. (2013).W (h) ither ecology?The triple bottom line, the global reporting initiative, and corporate sustainability reporting.Journal of business ethics,118(1), 13-29. Origin Sustainability Report 2017. (2017). Retrieved from https://www.originenergy.com.au/about/sustainability.html Savitz, A. (2013).The triple bottom line: how today's best-run companies are achieving economic, social and environmental success-and how you can too. John Wiley Sons. The Ten Principles of the UN Global Compact. (2017).unglobalcompact.org. Retrieved 30 November 2017, from https://www.unglobalcompact.org/what-is-gc/mission/principles

Social Justice and the Australian Indigenous people

Introduction What is social justice? According to Sociology Guide (2010), social justice is the collective impartiality that ensures that fairness is exercised when it comes to administration of laws. Social justice also ensures that the people of a certain society are subjected to equal treatment by availing equality in all aspects of the society which include rewards and burdens. Social justice calls for the upholding of ethics within a society and comes up with codes that dictate how social justice is to be administered (p. 1).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Social Justice and the Australian Indigenous people specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Australian indigenous people have been subjected to grievous social injustices in the past that included racism, discrimination, oppression, sexism and prejudice among many others. In this case study, we are critically analyzing current social justice policies and Fed eral government and opposition parties’ responses to Australian Indigenous’ perspective on social justice. Current social justice policies in Australia In 1992, Australia embraced social justice through the formation of a social justice commissioner’s post by the federal government. The reason why this post was formed was to protect the indigenous Australians who were undergoing various social atrocities. Some of the atrocities that the indigenous people of Australia faced included racism, suspicious deaths while in custody, as well as unfairness when it came to distribution of resources which made them a grossly disadvantaged lot. The main idea behind the formation of the social justice commission was to give the indigenous Australian people choice by empowering them to stand up for their rights (Australian Human rights commission 2010). This commission was also entitled to bring sanity to the laws that governed the indigenous people and ensure that they were f riendly and just. It also had the role of ensuring that these people equally enjoyed their rights and freedoms just like any other Australian citizen. This commission also looked at empowering the indigenous people in all areas of life including decision making. This empowerment was to ensure that these people contributed equally to the economy of the state. In return, the government has the duty of protecting them and ensuring that they have access to all the necessary resources as provided by the government (Australian Human rights commission 2010). The commissioner was faced with the duty of tabling a report in parliament that detailed the progress on the native title and social justice as required by the Acts which were put in place in 1993.Advertising Looking for essay on anthropology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The person that was given this task was one Mick Gooda who coupled up as the social justice commissioner o f the Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander. The Australian Human Rights Commission has taken upon itself the duty of ensuring that these rights are well understood and respected by all for a harmonious living (Australian Human rights commission 2010). The Australian federal government has come up with policies that are being geared towards restoring the indigenous people’s rights and freedoms. These policies include justice reinvestment which has been directed to the criminal justice system. The Australian human rights commission has recommended crime prevention through reinvesting to ensure that less indigenous people find themselves in jail. There have been cases of discrimination against the indigenous people while undergoing incarceration and this has led to the deaths of many. The other prisoners from other parts of the country as well as some staff in this incarceration centres subject the indigenous people to torture as they view them as lesser beings. The introductio n of the Deaths in Custody Watch Committee was to investigate under what circumstances these deaths occur and what fuels this form of injustice (Wenzel 2001). Other policies that have been adopted are the formation of human rights groups such as the Indigenous Social Justice Association of Melbourne (ISJA-Melb), which fight for the oppressed among the indigenous people. It also campaigns against the custody deaths of indigenous inmates, something common in Australian jails. This group is multi racial and thus its membership is open to people who are indigenous and non indigenous. This group also fights on for social justice and advocates for the reduction of arrests on indigenous people who make a majority in Australian jails. They also advocate for the disarmament of the police who misuse their power by subjecting too much force on the indigenous inmates (Indigenous Social Justice Association 2010). The other policy that has been employed is the one that ensures that the indigenous people retain their indigenous languages which they have used for the longest time. This way, their culture preservation rights will not be infringed at all and they will feel respected thus reducing friction. Culture binds communities and its preservation will ensure that people retain values which are meaningful to them as long as they are not a threat to the people’s security and well being. The other policy is on their sustenance which includes their homeland which they have held dear for many years. The general idea is to advocate for community development which will be brought about by their hard work and to achieve this, and then the homelands have to be supported by the government. This way, they will get a sense of belonging and feel represented in matters of social justice (NSW Reconciliation 2010).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Social Justice and the Australian Indigenous people specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More According to Henshaw Et Al. (2010), aboriginal racism is one of the major injustices that the indigenous people have been subjected to. They have been looked down on with regard to their skin colour as inferior and primitive and the other generations feel more superior to them. Led by this notion, they have subjected the indigenous people to unfair treatment. This unfair treatment includes assault, general mistreatment, disrespect and limitation of their rights and freedoms. In Australia, the indigenous people have been discriminated upon on land issues where they have suffered dispossession. They have denied their culture and are not allowed to use their native languages as well as carry out their ceremonies. Many years back, a policy known as the Aboriginal Protection Policy had been passed to monitor the activities of the indigenous people. Out of this policy, the indigenous people are to date being subjected to unfair treatment that includes monitoring of th eir alcohol levels, a practice that is not carried out on others. The Australian government is working hard to eradicate this practice and the necessary steps have been put in place. The government is attempting to reconcile the indigenous people with the other generations in an effort to burry the hatchet between the indigenous and non indigenous people. By doing so, it is hoping to cut out the hostility nd thereby improve the relations (The centre for social justice 2007). The Acts that have been set up to eradicate racism include the Commonwealth Racial Discrimination Act of 1975, the Human Rights Equal Opportunity Commissions Act of 1986 as well as the Commonwealth Racial Hatred Act of 1995. The catholic church of Australia has also voiced its views on discrimination and advocates for human dignity and respect for the human race. Australian Indigenous’ perspectives on social justice The Australian indigenous people lived a good life away from the critical eye of the Euro pean settlers. They enjoyed a peaceful interrelationship with each other and this contributed to their rich culture which encompassed religion and among other social issues. The European viewed them as uncivilized and backward and took it upon them to upgrade their culture and initiate them to their way of life which they deemed civilized. They brought in their culture and values which were strange to the indigenous people of Australia (Social Justice 2007).Advertising Looking for essay on anthropology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More They went ahead to take their land by force and even imposed strange forms of governance on these people and the destruction began. The impact of this invasion by the Europeans was adverse and many of the indigenous people were left homeless, poor and disheartened by being robbed of the values they held so close to them. They lost their identity courtesy of the Europeans as their rights and freedoms were highly infringed upon. The intervention by human rights groups came as a relief to the indigenous people and they embarked on the path to reclaiming their identity and social rights (Social Justice 2007). The aboriginal people felt that the Europeans had no right to invade their land which they have run for over 50,000 years. Their health took a nose dive for the worst since these Europeans brought with them foreign diseases. To date, the aboriginal people suffer from ill health since health measure has not fully taken effect to cover them. This has led to their high mortality rates and infertility has been highly felt among the generations. The aboriginal people have struggled to get their rights and freedoms from the Australian government. They have a strong will to survive and they love to preserve their culture. This has helped them in reclaiming their identity and to award their efforts, the Survival Day is celebrated on January 26, every year (Cousins 2005). Federal government and opposition parties’ responses to Australian Indigenous’ perspective on social justice The federal government has strived to understand the issues revolving around the Australian indigenous people and tried to accommodate them in the government. It is in this regard that it set up a commission to investigate the deaths of the aboriginal people while in custody. The appointed commission went under the name Royal Commission and it gave a comprehensive report on the woes of the aboriginal people which followed them into the incarceration centres. It revealed that the aboriginal people were marginalized and discriminated against by the non-indigenous people. The indigenous people were nursing wounds inflicted to them by the Europeans who stole their land, subjected them to racism and colonized them in an effort to civilize them (Australian Human Rights Commission 2010). While in jail, they underwent the same brutal treatment due to their skin differences and culture and this led to their deaths. Out of these findings, the federal government formed a reconciliation forum which was geared at mending the broken relationships. This forum was referred to as the Council for Aboriginal Reconciliation and it embarked on bringing together the aboriginal and the non-indigenous peoples of Australia. The federal government went ahead to look into the issue of the Australian indigenous people land and reached a decision through the high court. Initially, the Europeans took the belief that the indigenous people’s land was up for grabs. They used the ter m terra nullius on this land to mean that the land had no rightful owner. The high court passed a law that protected the ownership of land and this helped the Australian indigenous people reclaim their land (Australian Human Rights Commission 2010). This was a great step towards reconciliation since the land battles were now settled officially. There was also another major form of social justice abuse that was being subjected to the aboriginal people. Their children would be taken away by the Europeans to offer labour in the lands they had stolen from their parents. This was a major abuse of human rights and these findings were tabled by the National Inquiry which was investigating these forceful separations. The formation of the Aboriginal and Torres Starit Islander Social Justice Commission in 1992 was another step by the federal government to ensure that social justice was availed to the aboriginal peoples of Australia (Australian Human Rights Commission 2010). The Labour Party h as worked hard towards ensuring that social justice is administered in Australia and that the aboriginal people have equal rights with the non-indigenous people. In 2007, a bill was passed and its content was very suspect and the labour party as well as the Howard government had to intervene. This bill known as the Northern Territory National Emergency Response was geared at neutralizing the racial discrimination act of 1975 (HREOC (2010). The indigenous people of Australia had been subjected to racial discrimination and this bill would have reflected wrongly on the efforts to subdue racism. With their intervention, this bill was done away with and this was another huge step towards human rights protection. Social justice for the aboriginal people has received support from different quarters including the Intervention Reform Coalition of Darwin. This coalition shows support in the aboriginal people’s social justice which the federal government passed (NWS Reconciliation 2010) . The Intervention Reform Coalition of Darwin insists that these people must have rights which will help them take charge of their lives. The federal government has established a review board that seeks to ensure that the aboriginal children are not undergoing any form of abuse. In the past, these children had been subjected to sexual abuse and this led to the setting up of the Northern Territory Emergency Response (NTER) which ensures that these children are safe again and that they are in good hands (ENIAR 1997). The aboriginal people led a healthy life until the Europeans invaded their territory and infected them with disease. The federal government took charge of this in an effort to provide them with health services as part of implementing social justice. This measure ensured that all aboriginal children received medical care, something they did not have access to in the past. Education was also introduced as part of social justice implementation and the aboriginal children now had access to education. The aboriginal people were largely illiterate as they did not believe in formal education. This may have contributed to their being backward due to illiteracy and lack of exposure. They believed that the life skills the children learnt either from training or apprenticeship were enough (ENIAR 1997). Conclusion The Australian indigenous people have no doubt been through a lot of injustices in their own country. It is a sad fact that they have been going through all the discussed atrocities just because they seem different. This was total injustice and the perpetrators ought to pay for their misdeeds. Injustices such as racialism are detrimental to the human race. It beats logic why someone would want to look down on the other just because his skin colour is different form his. No human being is perfect and people must learn to respect others regardless of where they come from or how they look like. It is important to know that no one chooses where they will be born or how they will be socialized. Oppressing others is another insult to the human race and people ought to treat others as their equals. For the Europeans to oppress the Australian indigenous people and even steal their land and their children is the height of social injustice. These children were subjected to sexual abuse which is not only demeaning but also detrimental as it infringes on their right to be protected and safeguarded. People must be allowed to exercise their rights and their freedoms and respect for others property must be upheld. All in all the federal government of Australia as well as the opposition parties and the church have played a great role in the implementation of social justice. These bodies went out of their way to ensure that the aboriginal people were treated equally and that they retained their culture which was very important to them. Congratulations are thus in order for helping restore the Australian indigenous people and reconciling them wit h the non-indigenous ones. It is important to exercise healthy relations with others and a harmonious coexistence is highly moral if social justice is to be upheld. References Australian Human Rights Commission. (2010) Aboriginal Torres Strait Islander Social Justice. Australian Human Rights Commission Cousin, S. (2005) Contemporary Australia. Indigenous Australians. National Centre for  Australian Studies, Monash University. ENIAR. (1997) Inquiry into the protection of aboriginal children – â€Å"little children are Sacred† report released June 2007. Northern Territory Intervention. Henshaw, K. Et al. (2010) social justice: Racism towards aborigines. Aboriginal racism. HREOC. (2010) Social Justice and human rights for aboriginal and Torres Starit Islander peoples. Australian Human Rights Commission. Indigenous Social Justice Association. (2010) Indigenous Social Justice Association –  Melbourne. Who we are and what we stand for. NY, Millan publishers. NWS Reconciliation. (2010) Social justice and indigenous rights. Social justice report 2009. Australian Human Rights Commission. Sociology guide. (2010) Social justice. A student’s guide to sociology. The centre for social justice. (2007) Struggling to escape a legacy of Oppression. Aboriginal issues journal. Wenzel, E. (2001) Indigenous peoples of Australia: Social Development. This essay on Social Justice and the Australian Indigenous people was written and submitted by user Kylie Cervantes to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Free Essays on Edgar Allen Poe

In Edgar Allan Poe’s poems he writes about death and darkness. Throughout his poems, â€Å"The Raven† and â€Å"The Bells†, Poe writes of death, darkness, and evil. Many say he writes about this because of his childhood problems. (Slovey p. 15) As you continue to read, it will show how others feel about his writings and his desire to write about death. In Edgar Allen Poe’s poem, The Bells, Poe tells how bells can play a part throughout death and this causes readers to dislike the poem but it also has a positive effect on readers when Poe tells of bells being used as symbols of love. For example, some feel that Poe’s desire for death makes the poem less interesting. W.M. Auden tells how the Bells was less interesting but was more successful because the subject is nothing but an excuse for onomatopoeic efforts. Also, some feel that Poe writes about death and darkness because of his drinking problems he had. (Slovey p. 22) Anthony Caputi feels that thi s poem marks the high tide of Poe’s ineffectuality and also bears testimony to his immense gift for poetic conception and thereby confronts us with the peculiar problem of Poe. (Poetry Criticism). In addition, some feel this poem has a sense of good and beauty to it. Floyd Stovall writes how Poe defined poetry as music combined with a pleasurable idea and the poets truth is an excitement of the soul and it is the product of the contemplation of beauty. So in Poe’s poem, The Bells, he writes of death and evil but also of good and love that leaves a positive and a negative effect on readers. In Edgar Allen Poe’s ,The Raven, Poe uses a sense of darkness and evil throughout the poem by using the black bird as a symbol of evil. Some readers cannot understand how this poem has became so popular considering the evil that was used throughout the poem. Allen Tate says he can add very little to criticism of The Raven written in many passages that are wonders how it can be a great poem and how... Free Essays on Edgar Allen Poe Free Essays on Edgar Allen Poe Edgar Allen Poe Edgar Allen Poe, a great 19th-century American author, was born on Jan 19, 1809, in Boston, Mass. Both his parents died when he was two years old, and he was taken into the home of John Allan, a wealthy tobacco exporter of Richmond, Va. Although Poe was never legally adopted, he used his foster father's name as his middle name. After several years in a Richmond academy, Poe was sent to the University of Virginia. After a year, John Allan refused to give him more money, possibly because of Poe's losses at gambling. Poe then had to leave the university. In 1827 he published, in Boston, Tamerlane and Other Poems. This was the first volume of his poems, and was published anonymously. The book made no money, and next Poe enlisted in the United States Army under an assumed name. After he served two years, his foster father arranged for him to be honorably discharged and to enter the United States Military Academy, also known as West Point. But, within six months, Poe was dismissed because of neglect of duty. Poe then began to write stories for magazines. In 1831, he published Poems by Edgar A. Poe, which he dedicated to the cadets of the U.S. Military Academy. In 1833, he won a cash prize for the story MS. Found in a Bottle. In 1835, he jointed the staff of the Richmond Magazine, Southern Literary Messenger. Within a year, the circulation of the magazine increased seven times thanks to the popularity of Poe's stories. Soon, however, Poe lost his job with the magazine because of his drinking. In 1836, he married beautiful Virginia Clemm, the 13-year-old daughter of his aunt. The following year he lived in New York City and the next year he drifted to Philadelphia. There he became associate editor of Burton's Gentleman's Magazine. He contributed literary criticism, reviews, poems, and some of his most famous stories to this magazine. In 1840, Poe published Tales of the Grotesque and Arabesque, a two-volume set of his stories.... Free Essays on Edgar Allen Poe Poe is unquestionably one of the great American writers of all time. He was far ahead of his time with his vision of a special area of human experience the "inner world" of dream, hallucination, and imagination. There is a distinct connection between Poe's nightmarish life and his works. His fictional works resemble a distressed individual who has a pattern of dreams night after night with the same repeating tone of terror. Critics interpret his works as being a search going deep into himself and arriving at the unplumbed mystery of his innerself. He has accomplished himself with that search and characterized the twentieth century with his art. Few poets followed their own theories more completely than Poe. His popularity is due to his consistency in producing a universal appealing effect. "A Poe setting, atmosphere, or situation is instantly recognizable." All of his poetry is based on carefully thought out principles of artistic creativity, and his biggest concern as a poet was the effect he could produce on the reader with those principles.Poe's poetry covered these themes in a way that they all compliment each other. The theme most revolved around by the others is ideal beauty. In using marshalling verse, imagery, rythym, rhyme, and subject matter a poet tries to capture the impression of beauty. Poe's simple definition for beauty was this: "The pleasurable excitement of the soul as it reaches for a perfection beyond this earth." When attaining the unattainable, supernatural beauty a poet cannot use ordinary logic or reason, he must grasp it only aesthetically, not rationally. Poe felt that for a poet to seek appropriate images for ideal beauty he should avoid concrete, ordinary objects of everyday life. Realms of dream, fantasy, the subconscious, and glimpses of life after death are more appropriate images. Poe's simple task in poetry was to induce a state ... Free Essays on Edgar Allen Poe Edgar Allan Poe was born in Boston, grew up in Richmond, Virginia, and lived in six Eastern cities. Edgar went to the University of Virginia. The student life of the University was more social than academic. The young men drank too much, gambled too much, fought for the sheer enjoyment of violence, and rampaged over the campus at all hours. This was the worst possible environment for young Poe with his emotionally unstable temperament. He was unusually susceptible to alcohol; one mild drink sent him into a state of wild excitement. He gambled recklessly, incurring debts he could not begin to pay. He went to Boston, where he managed to publish a collection of his poems in pamphlet form, Tamerlane and Other Poems. Desperate for money, he joined the army under the name of Edgar A. Perry. In 1833 The Saturday Visitor of Baltimore announced a literary contest with prizes of fifty dollars for the best short story, and twenty-five dollars for the best poem. Poe submitted a gr! oup of stories. One of the stories, MS. Found in a Bottle, won the story prize, and his poem would have won the poetry prize except that the judges decided not to award both prizes to the same contestant. John P. Kennedy, took an interest in Poe and befriended him by helping him sell a story to the new Southern Literary Messenger of Richmond. Poe joined the editorial staff of the magazine and soon became its editor. He has many problems with drinking and therefore his job was on and off. Soon after moving to New York, his poem, The Raven, was published in the New York Evening Mirror. It was reprinted in a number of magazines, and at once became extremely popular. The Raven is not by any means Poe's best poem. The best of his poetry is pure magic.... Free Essays on Edgar Allen Poe Edgar Allan Poe was born in Boston, grew up in Richmond, Virginia, and lived in six Eastern cities. His father was David Poe, a Baltimore actor. His actress mother, Elizabeth came to the United States as a kid. The parents were not that talented; they played small roles in rather third-rate theatrical companies. Because they both had small parts they barely managed to make a living. Edgar was the second of their three children. When the third child was born, the father died, or disappeared, and Mrs. Poe went to Richmond with the two youngest children. The oldest boy, William Henry, had already been left with relatives in Baltimore. Mrs. Poe was in the last stages of tuberculosis. Weakened by the disease and worn out with the struggle to support her children, she died. Edgar, two years old, and the infant, Rosalie, were left as orphans. It was pure luck that Mrs. Frances Allan, the wife of a merchant in Richmond learned about the Poe babies. She had no children of her own and liked ha ndsome little Edgar a lot more than his sister. She took him home with her, and another family took his little sister Rosalie. Mrs. Allan would have liked to adopt Edgar, but her husband was unwilling to commit himself. At that time people thought acting was immoral. John Allan could not help regarding the little son of actor parents as a questionable person to inherit his name and the fortune he was busy accumulating. He was willing however, to support the child, and in time came to be proud of Edgar's good looks and intelligence. When Edgar was six years old, Mr. Allen's business took him to Scotland, the country from which he had come originally. The family stayed in Scotland and England for five years. Edgar was eleven when the Allans returned to Richmond. Richmond in back then in the 1820's was a good place for a boy to live. It was still a small enough town for the fields, swamps, and woods to be close by. Boys swam in the river and in the little creek... Free Essays on Edgar Allen Poe Poe: The Darkness Edgar Allen Poe is the most well-known author of his time. Edgar Poe’s ancestors were agriculturists and artisans on one side, and actors on the other. Poe was born on Jan. 19, 1809, in Boston ( Encyclopedia Americana Pg. 274). Edgar’s future mother was performing in Virginia, where she was being observed by a young man by the name of David Poe. Soon Eliza Arnold, a young actress, fell in love with David, and he with her. Only six months after the death of her first husband, Eliza and David were married. Edgar’s father joined Eliza’s acting troupe and was greatly criticized by an 1806 notice. â€Å"The lady is young and pretty, and is blessed with both singing and acting talents. Her husband is literally nothing.† This was not the only time that David was badly criticized. (Soon enough, the same types of criticism would plague Edgar later during his first literary disputes) (Meyers Pg.3). Edgar was born in a humble lodging house near Carver Street, south of Boston Common, on January 19,1809. On the back of a watercolor sketch which Poe treasured, his mother wrote: â€Å"For my little son Edgar, who should ever love Boston, the place of his birth, and where his mother found her best, and most sympathetic friends.† Later in adulthood however, Poe had a strong dislike for the city. He hated its ruling literary class-their stuffy morality, vague transcendental philosophy, abolitionist movement, and sterile domination of the American literary scene. After becoming extremely poor, the Poe’s left five week old Edgar in Baltimore with his paternal grandparents, David and Elizabeth continued their theatrical jobs. David Poe made his last stage appearance in October 1809. By July 1811-when Edgar was two and a half years old, his dad deserted the family, and was neither seen nor heard from ever again. After being deserted, Eliza was left with overwhelming demands from her job, constantly having to move, taking car... Free Essays on Edgar Allen Poe In Edgar Allan Poe’s poems he writes about death and darkness. Throughout his poems, â€Å"The Raven† and â€Å"The Bells†, Poe writes of death, darkness, and evil. Many say he writes about this because of his childhood problems. (Slovey p. 15) As you continue to read, it will show how others feel about his writings and his desire to write about death. In Edgar Allen Poe’s poem, The Bells, Poe tells how bells can play a part throughout death and this causes readers to dislike the poem but it also has a positive effect on readers when Poe tells of bells being used as symbols of love. For example, some feel that Poe’s desire for death makes the poem less interesting. W.M. Auden tells how the Bells was less interesting but was more successful because the subject is nothing but an excuse for onomatopoeic efforts. Also, some feel that Poe writes about death and darkness because of his drinking problems he had. (Slovey p. 22) Anthony Caputi feels that thi s poem marks the high tide of Poe’s ineffectuality and also bears testimony to his immense gift for poetic conception and thereby confronts us with the peculiar problem of Poe. (Poetry Criticism). In addition, some feel this poem has a sense of good and beauty to it. Floyd Stovall writes how Poe defined poetry as music combined with a pleasurable idea and the poets truth is an excitement of the soul and it is the product of the contemplation of beauty. So in Poe’s poem, The Bells, he writes of death and evil but also of good and love that leaves a positive and a negative effect on readers. In Edgar Allen Poe’s ,The Raven, Poe uses a sense of darkness and evil throughout the poem by using the black bird as a symbol of evil. Some readers cannot understand how this poem has became so popular considering the evil that was used throughout the poem. Allen Tate says he can add very little to criticism of The Raven written in many passages that are wonders how it can be a great poem and how... Free Essays on Edgar Allen Poe Best known for his poems and short fiction, Edgar Allan Poe deserves more credit than any other writer for the transformation of the short story from anecdote to art. He virtually created the detective story and perfected the psychological thriller. He also produced some of the most influential literary criticism of his timeimportant theoretical statements on poetry and the short storyand has had a worldwide influence on literature. Poe's parents were touring actors; both died before he was 3 years old, and he was taken into the home of John Allan, a prosperous merchant in Richmond, Va., and baptized Edgar Allan Poe. His childhood was uneventful, although he studied (1815-20) for 5 years in England. In 1826 he entered the University of Virginia but stayed for only a year. Although a good student, he ran up large gambling debts that Allan refused to pay. Allan prevented his return to the university and broke off Poe's engagement to Sarah Elmira Royster, his Richmond sweetheart. Lacking any means of support, Poe enlisted in the army. He had, however, already written and printed (at his own expense) his first book, Tamerlane and Other Poems (1827), verses written in the manner of Byron. Temporarily reconciled, Allan secured Poe's release from the army and his appointment to West Point but refused to provide financial support. After 6 months Poe apparently contrived to be dismissed from West Point for disobedience of orders. His fellow cadets, however, contributed the funds for the publication of Poems by Edgar A. Poe...Second Edition (1831), actually a third editionafter Tamerlane and Al Aaraaf, Tamerlane, and Minor Poems (1829). This volume contained the famous To Helen and Israfel, poems that show the restraint and the calculated musical effects of language that were to characterize his poetry. Poe next took up residence in Baltimore with his widowed aunt, Maria Clemm, and her daughter, Virginia, and turned to fiction a...

The other side of the bridge Essays

The other side of the bridge Essays The other side of the bridge Paper The other side of the bridge Paper The Lunette received a telegram stating Eric and Gunter had been They found out later that Carl was missing but had been found dead. This was very hard for Arthur to hear about his friends because they were out there fighting for their country while he stayed in Straus. It was difficult for Arthur to carry on knowing his three friends would never return home. Another one of Arthur friends, Ted Hatchet who fought in the war as well returned home safe but was badly injured. Ted committed seclude shortly after returning home from Straus on Ted Hatchet had shot himself (314). This was another loss off friend for Arthur. Ted and Arthur had grown close and he made many visits to Ted. When Ted passed away this brought back the memories of loosing his other friends, Tees death also helped Arthur look at things and life In a new perspective. A huge loss In Arthur life was when his father was killed In a tractor accident. This came as a shock to the whole family especially Arthur As for Arthur, he had no words (193). He had lost his father but also his friend. They became closer while working on the fields together and were similar In many ways. This put a lot of pressure on Arthur having to take on running two farms on his own. Arthur father was the only other person who stood up and believed in Arthur. He also saw through Jake just like Arthur did. He lost a part of himself when his father passed. The Christopher family experienced a different type of loss caused by divorce. Nans mom ran off with his geography teacher because she fell out of love with Nans father. Ian asked his mother If I wont go will you go anyways? (66). At that moment Ian felt abandoned by his mother because she chose someone else Instead of him. He missed having her there everyday taking care of the family. After she left Ian experienced emptiness In his life, in the house and with his father. Nans father had become depressed about the absence of his wife. His wife left him which took him by surprise. It took him awhile to get over the loss but he used his worktop distract him from his new home life. He blamed himself . .. Let Is my fault really (95). He didnt know how to carry on with his new life with Just him and Ian. Nans mom experienced 1 OFF a great loss as well . Seen lost near son Ana near unsound. En let Straus on ten wrong tot on Nans mom was trying to say goodbye before leaving to Toronto, Darling how can I go if you wont say goodbye? (69). She had to live with that everyday. She even tried calling Ian and writing him letters but she was shut out of his life. She had a new life that Ian wasnt a part of. Laura Dunn experienced the loss of many loved ones. When Carter died it was a hard loss for Laura. She was the re when it happened and she saw the whole thing on it describes His body somersaulted right over the top of the car (344). Not only was Carter her first born child but he was Sakes child as well. Carter was the only connection she had left to Jake. Laura also lost Jake when he left Straus without an explanation only a note saying Sorry to go without saying goodbye. Love Jake (317). Laura was head over heels in love with Jake and he left her without a proper goodbye. She gave everything to Jake which lead to her pregnancy with Carter. She was all alone with a baby on the way and a broken heart. She had no one in Straus and didnt know anyone except for Arthur. Arthur was the greatest loss for Laura. Laura hated the fact that Arthur wasnt sure that her love towards him was real or if he still loved Jake. Laura said l want you to know,now, while Arthur is still here, that I love him. And I loved him then (350). Laura wanted Arthur to understand that he meant more to her then he could ever imagine and that she loved him the way he had always loved her. The characters deal with loss in the book Theorem Side Of The Bridge that effect them mentally and emotionally. With the loss of Arthur friends who fought in the war and his father, the impact of a divorce in the Christopher family and all the loss of loved ones close to Laura, the characters learn to cope and carry on with their lives.

MKTG CLASS Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

MKTG CLASS - Essay Example Although it is a very old brand (154 years), it needed a lot of restoration work in the present economic climate. She says that in the planning stage many basic questions were asked. New plans were devised to come up with better products. The customers were segmented on the basis of their geographical locations. After the planning, she removed much inefficiency within the company. Millions of pounds were saved but not at the cost of staff. Instead the company spent more money on renovating the stores and making them look more attractive. The presentation then focuses on the ‘soft strategies’. New methods were devised on the backbone of digital technology in order to lure the customers. Burberry now frequently organizes fully choreographed live webcast. The video shows people all around the world watching runway shows live in the Burberry showrooms. All the crucial information about new products, stores, shows etc is provided on the internal website. Travelling road shows are also organized as a part of CRM. The focus of the presentation then shifts towards the human element of the company. Angela says that they hire smart and like-minded people for their brand and organize awards in order to appreciate and motivate them. The company wants to project its modernity through every aspect of its business. For this reason, the Burberry headquarter has a futuristic look with energy saving features to it. But the innovation doesn’t stop with the building. The company has created its own social media website. Customers throughout the world are kept informed through Facebook and live stream shows. The presentation then ends with Angela assuring the audience of her team’s sincerity towards making Burberry a hugely successful