Homeostatic Control of Blood Glucose Levels Essay

Homeostatic Control of Blood Glucose Levels Glucose is an essential substance in the body as it is the primary source of energy for all biological functions and is indeed the only form of energy which can be used by the brain and central nervous system. The ideal level of blood glucose is 80 - 90mg of glucose per 100mls of blood. However this level is not static - it oscillates due to changes in the body which are brought about by actions such as eating a meal, exercising, or not eating for long periods. If blood glucose levels drop or rise dramatically there may be serious consequences such as hypo- or hyperglycaemia which can both cause death. Thus it is necessary for blood glucose levels to be†¦show more content†¦The level of blood glucose is constantly monitored by the beta cells. As the effects of insulin bring down the blood glucose level the cells secrete less and less of the hormone in accordance with the falling level of blood glucose - this continues until levels return to normal. The corresponding effect of this antagonistic mechanism occurs when blood glucose level have fallen too low - this is detected in the Islets of Langerhans by the alpha cells which are stimulated to produce glucagon. This hormone acts in two main ways to raise blood glucose concentration back to normal levels. Firstly, it stimulates the process of glycogenolysis whereby the liver and muscle cells convert glycogen into glucose to be discharged into the blood. In addition, it increases gluconeogenesis so that more glucose is synthesised from protein and fat sources. However if glucagon is allowed to encourage the production of glucose unchecked, the liver will begin to produce ketones which dangerously disrupt the acid/base balance in the body. 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